Most individuals infected with trichomoniasis remain asymptomatic, with only approximately 30% of infected individuals showing symptoms (1). However, asymptomatic individuals can still pass the infection on to any sexual partners. The severity and onset of symptoms can vary significantly, ranging from just mild irritation to severe inflammation, which may occur 5 to 28 days post-exposure or much later, or symptoms may disappear then reappear (1).

Symptomatic males may experience itching or irritation inside the penis, painful burning after urination or ejaculation, increased urination, and abnormal penis discharge (2). Symptoms in females include itching and irritation of the vagina, painful and more frequent urination, endocervical bleeding, and abnormal vaginal discharge (1,2). Trichomoniasis infections can cause discomfort during sexual intercourse, and are associated with an increased risk of contracting other STDs, including an increased risk of HIV (1,3).

Trichomoniasis during pregnancy increases the risk of premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, and low birth weight (3), and is associated with an increased risk of the transmission of HIV from an HIV-positive mother to her child (4).